Epoxy systems consist of two components: resins and hardeners. The resin component is typically light in color, often nearly clear, and almost odorless. In contrast, hardeners are generally dark and have a distinct “ammonia-like” smell. When these two components are mixed together in the correct proportions, they undergo a chemical reaction, bonding irreversibly to form a rigid plastic material once the reaction is complete.

Epoxy-based materials have a wide range of applications, including coatings, adhesives, and composite materials such as carbon fiber and glass-reinforced plastics (though polyester, vinyl ester, and other thermosetting resins are also used for glass-reinforced plastics). Epoxies are renowned for their excellent adhesion, chemical and heat resistance, strong mechanical properties, and superior electrical insulating capabilities. Additionally, the properties of epoxy can be easily modified to meet specific requirements.